Plant R-genes are mediators of resistance to specific pathogens via effector triggered immunity, which results in the hypersensitive response and cell death ( Amil-Ruiz et al. While breeders have made progress in producing varieties with tolerance to some pathogens, growers remain dependent on exogenous crop protection strategies to reduce pathogen loads ( Cordova et al. Genetic disease resistance has been a long-standing breeding priority. 2015), as it is soft, moist, carbohydrate rich, and subject to damage from forces as seemingly innocuous as rain ( Herrington et al.
The strawberry fruit presents a vulnerable target for microbial pathogens ( Farzaneh et al. However, marketable yields and post-harvest quality are significantly affected by disease. Strawberry, Disease Resistance, R-gene, eQTL, Subgenome Dominance, RenSeqĬultivated strawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa) is an important specialty crop that is cultivated world-wide for its sweet and flavorful fruit. These results give unprecedented insight into crop disease resistance genetics, and represent an advance toward exploiting variation for strawberry cultivar improvement. An octoploid strawberry capture-probe panel, derived from the results of this study, is validated in a RenSeq experiment and is presented for community use. R-gene sequencing using enriched libraries (RenSeq) has been used recently for R-gene discovery in many crops, however this technique somewhat relies upon a priori knowledge of desired sequences. ×ananassa R-genes was also determined via dN/ dS analysis. The mode and magnitude of natural selection of individual F. R-genes from the ancestral diploids Fragaria vesca and Fragaria iinumae were compared, revealing differential inheritance and retention of various octoploid R-gene subtypes. Octoploid fruit eQTL were identified for 76 putative R-genes. These include octoploid R-gene transcription profiling, dN/ dS analysis, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and RenSeq analysis in cultivars. This study characterizes the complete R-gene collection in the genomes of commercial octoploid strawberry and two diploid ancestral relatives, and introduces several new technological and data resources for strawberry disease resistance research. Recently-developed resources in strawberry, including a complete octoploid reference genome and high-resolution octoploid genotyping, enable new analyses in strawberry disease resistance genetics. Efforts to identify and introgress useful disease resistance genes (R-genes) in breeding programs are complicated by strawberry’s complex octoploid genome. Octoploid strawberry ( Fragaria ×ananassa) is a valuable specialty crop, but profitable production and availability are threatened by many pathogens.
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